Surface sampling is a research area that involves collecting samples from the surface of a material or object in order to analyze its composition, properties, or contaminants. This type of sampling is commonly used in environmental science, forensics, and materials science to assess the presence of pollutants, trace elements, or other substances on surfaces such as soil, water, air, or manufactured products. Surface sampling techniques may include swipe tests, swabbing, scraping, or vacuuming to collect particles or residues for further analysis. The data obtained from surface sampling can provide valuable information for evaluating health and environmental risks, identifying sources of contamination, or monitoring the effectiveness of cleaning procedures.